Leena Mahtani
It seems like every other person you know is ditching gluten in favor of a gluten-free lifestyle. But what exactly is gluten, and why are so many people avoiding it? This guide will explain everything you need to know about gluten sensitivity, specifically non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).
What is Gluten?
Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. It's what gives bread its chewy texture and beer its foamy head. For people with celiac disease, consuming gluten triggers an immune response that damages the lining of the small intestine, leading to a wide range of symptoms including abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and fatigue.
However, not everyone who experiences these symptoms has celiac disease. In fact, studies suggest that only around 1% of the population has celiac disease. So what's causing all these other people to feel sick after eating gluten? That's where non-celiac gluten sensitivity comes in.
What is Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity?
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a condition characterized by symptoms similar to those of celiac disease, but without the accompanying damage to the small intestine. NCGS is often diagnosed in people who experience gastrointestinal distress after eating gluten-containing foods, but who test negative for both celiac disease and wheat allergy.
It's estimated that upwards of 6% of the population may have NCGS, though the true prevalence is likely even higher since the condition is often mistaken for other conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). If you think you may have NCGS, it's important to see a doctor or dietitian for proper diagnosis and treatment.
What Causes NCGS?
The exact cause of NCGS is unknown, but it's thought to be related to an abnormal immune response to gluten. In some cases, NCGS may also be triggered by FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols), which are short-chain carbohydrates that can cause digestive distress in some people.
How is NCGS Treated?
There is no cure for NCGS, but the good news is that following a strict gluten-free diet can help relieve symptoms in most people. In some cases, a low FODMAP diet may also be recommended. If you think you might have NCGS, talk to your doctor or dietitian about being tested for celiac disease and wheat allergy first. If those tests come back negative, they can help you figure out whether a gluten-free or low FODMAP diet is right for you.